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Xenophon on Socrates' death

c. 399–354 BCE, Athens. Xenophon's own words, in his account of the trial.

Where and when

c. 399–354 BCEAthens

about 2,402 years ago

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Xenophon

, AthensXenophon's own words, in his account of the trial

In plain words, ours

By praising himself in court, Socrates made the jury angrier and his conviction surer. Still, I think he got a fate the gods love: he skipped the hardest part of life.

And as for Socrates, by exalting himself before the court, he brought ill-will upon himself and made his conviction by the jury more certain. Now to me he seems to have met a fate that the gods love; for he escaped the hardest part of life and met the easiest sort of death.

Xenophon, Apology 32Translated by O. J. Todd (1923)Read the full passage (Xenophon, Apology 32, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Xenophon, writing after Socrates' trial, is explaining how Socrates faced his conviction and death. Just before, he tells of Socrates predicting that the son of a man named Anytus would go bad.

Checked claim by claim against: Socrates is tried, condemned and put to death, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

Xenophon's Apology is one of the two surviving primary sources on the trial, besides Plato's; unlike Plato, it explains Socrates' readiness to die as better than facing the pains of old age.

Based on Wikipedia: Apology (Xenophon)

The other extant primary source about the persons and events of the Trial of Socrates (399 BC) is the Apology of Socrates, by Plato.

Finally, whereas Socrates' willingness to face the death penalty is in Plato's Apology explained by Socrates' unwavering commitment to his divinely appointed mission to keep philosophizing at all costs, it is explained in the Xenophon/Hermogenes version by the claim that it is better for him to die now than to face the pains and limitations of advanced old age.

Wikipedia, Apology (Xenophon) (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2024-11-28. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 401 BCEabout 24 years earlier The Chorus on not being born Also about death
  2. 399 BCEabout 22 years earlier Socrates is tried, condemned and put to death The event behind it
  3. set in 399 BCEabout 22 years earlier The charge Meletus swore against Socrates Also about the trial of Socrates
  4. set in 399 BCEabout 22 years earlier Socrates answers Meletus at his trial Also about the trial of Socrates
  5. set in 399 BCEabout 22 years earlier Socrates on the fear of death Also about death
  6. c. 386 BCEabout 9 years earlier Aspasia's speech on how a state shapes men Also in Athens
  7. c. 386 BCEabout 9 years earlier Aspasia's speech on how Athens is ruled Also in Athens
  8. c. 386 BCEabout 9 years earlier Aspasia's speech on wealth and cowardice Also in Athens
  9. c. 399–354 BCEThis momentXenophon on Socrates' death
  10. c. 399–354 BCEDuring it Xenophon on remembering Socrates Same passageMore from Xenophon
  11. c. 371–354 BCEabout 15 years later Xenophon answers the charge against Socrates More from Xenophon
  12. c. 371–354 BCEabout 15 years later Xenophon on how Socrates lived More from Xenophon

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

But, he is reported to have added, Homer has attributed to some of his heroes at the moment of dissolution the power to foresee the future; and so I too wish to utter a prophecy.At one time I had a brief association with the son of Anytus, and I thought him not lacking in firmness of spirit; and so I predict that he will not continue in the servile occupation that his father has provided for him; but through want of a worthy adviser he will fall into some disgraceful propensity and will surely go far in the career of vice. In saying this he was not mistaken; the young man, delighting in wine, never left off drinking night or day, and at last turned out worth nothing to his city, his friends, or himself. So Anytus, even though dead, still enjoys an evil repute for his son’s mischievous education and for his own hard-heartedness.

The quote: And as for Socrates, by exalting himself before the court, he brought ill-will upon himself and made his conviction by the jury more certain. Now to me he seems to have met a fate that the gods love; for he escaped the hardest part of life and met the easiest sort of death.

And he displayed the stalwart nature of his heart; for having once decided that to die was better for him than to live longer, he did not weaken in the presence of death (just as he had never set his face against any other thing, either, that was for his good), but was cheerful not only in the expectation of death but in meeting it. And so, in contemplating the man’s wisdom and nobility of character, I find it beyond my power to forget him or, in remembering him, to refrain from praising him.

Xenophon, Apology 30–34Translated by O. J. Todd (1923)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
c. 399–354 BCE. Written after Socrates' trial in 399 BCE and before Xenophon's death c. 354 BCE; the exact year is not known.
Whose words
Xenophon's own words, in his account of the trial.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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