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Pericles praises Athens

set in 431/430 BCE, Athens. As Thucydides tells it.

Where and when

set in 431/430 BCEAthens

about 2,455 years ago

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In plain words, ours

Our city is the school of Greece. I doubt anyone anywhere can handle as much on their own, and as gracefully, as an Athenian.

In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas; while I doubt if the world can produce a man, who where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility as the Athenian.

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.41.1Translated by Richard Crawley (1874)Read the full passage (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.41.1, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

In a speech Thucydides writes for Pericles, set in Athens in 431/430 BCE, early in the war with Sparta, Pericles praises the Athenian way of life, its courage and its generosity to friends. He goes on to say Athens alone proves greater than its reputation.

Checked claim by claim against: Thebans attack Plataea and the war begins, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: Thebans attack Plataea and the war begins

The Theban attack on Plataea was the first attack of the war, in which Athens lost its Aegean empire and its maritime dominance and Sparta became the leading power of Greece.

Based on Wikipedia: Peloponnesian War

The first attack was by the Thebans on the Athenian outpost at Plataea, on 4 April 431 BC.

Athens lost its Aegean empire and its maritime dominance, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece.

Wikipedia, Peloponnesian War (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-08-22. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 431 BCE1 year earlier Thebans attack Plataea and the war begins The event behind it
  2. 431 BCE0.8999999999999773 years earlier Spartan army invades Attica Same years
  3. 430 BCESame year Plague breaks out in Athens Same years
  4. 431/430 BCEDuring it Athens holds a public funeral for its first war dead Same years
  5. set in 431/430 BCEThis momentPericles praises Athens
  6. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on Athenian democracy Same passageMore from Pericles
  7. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on freedom in daily life Same passageMore from Pericles
  8. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on wealth and poverty More from Pericles
  9. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on the plague he caught Also in Athens
  10. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on the plague in Athens Also in Athens
  11. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on how the plague changed people Also in Athens
  12. 429 BCE1 year later Pericles dies Same years

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

But the palm of courage will surely be adjudged most justly to those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring not by receiving favors. Yet, of course, the doer of the favor is the firmer friend of the two, in order by continued kindness to keep the recipient in his debt; while the debtor feels less keenly from the very consciousness that the return he makes will be a payment, not a free gift. And it is only the Athenians who, fearless of consequences, confer their benefits not from calculations of expediency, but in the confidence of liberality.

The quote: In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas; while I doubt if the world can produce a man, who where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility as the Athenian.

And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion, but plain matter of fact, the power of the state acquired by these habits proves. For Athens alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation, and alone gives no occasion to her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom they have been worsted, or to her subjects to question her title by merit to rule.

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.40.3–2.41.3Translated by Richard Crawley (1874)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
set in 431/430 BCE. The public funeral for the first year's dead, in the winter of 431/430 BCE; Thucydides wrote the speech later.
Whose words
As Thucydides tells it. Who was Pericles?
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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