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Pericles calls Athens' empire a tyranny

set in 430 BCE, Athens. As Thucydides tells it.

Where and when

set in 430 BCEAthens

2,455 years ago

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Pericles

, AthensAs Thucydides tells it

In plain words, ours

We can't back out now. To be blunt, what you hold is a tyranny. Taking it may have been wrong, but letting it go is dangerous.

Besides, to recede is no longer possible, if indeed any of you in the alarm of the moment has become enamored of the honesty of such an unambitious part. For what you hold is, to speak somewhat plainly, a tyranny; to take it perhaps was wrong, but to let it go is unsafe.

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.63.2Translated by Richard Crawley (1874)Read the full passage (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.63.2, opens scaife.perseus.org)

Spoken of by Thucydides, 430 BCE, written later

What was going on, our summary

As Thucydides tells it, Pericles speaks to the Athenians in 430 BCE, the year plague broke out in the city. He tells them they cannot refuse the burdens of their empire and still share its honors.

Checked claim by claim against: Plague breaks out in Athens, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

Pericles's emotional final speech, given amid uproar over the plague, is considered a monumental oration, revealing his virtues but also his bitterness at his compatriots' ingratitude.

Based on Wikipedia: Pericles

In any case, the city's plight, caused by the epidemic, triggered a new wave of public uproar, and Pericles was forced to defend himself in an emotional final speech, a rendition of which is presented by Thucydides.

This is considered to be a monumental oration, revealing Pericles's virtues but also his bitterness towards his compatriots' ingratitude.

Wikipedia, Pericles (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-09-27. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 431 BCE1 year earlier Thebans attack Plataea and the war begins Same years
  2. 431 BCE0.8999999999999773 years earlier Spartan army invades Attica Also about war and empire
  3. 430 BCESame year Plague breaks out in Athens The event behind it
  4. 431/430 BCEDuring it Athens holds a public funeral for its first war dead Also about war and empire
  5. set in 430 BCEThis momentPericles calls Athens' empire a tyranny
  6. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on Athenian democracy More from Pericles
  7. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on freedom in daily life More from Pericles
  8. set in 431/430 BCEDuring it Pericles on wealth and poverty More from Pericles
  9. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on the plague he caught Also in Athens
  10. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on Pericles Spoken of by ThucydidesSame passage
  11. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on the plague in Athens Also in Athens
  12. 430 BCE, written laterSame year Thucydides on how the plague changed people Also in Athens
  13. 429 BCE1 year later Pericles dies Same years

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

And where the chances are the same, knowledge fortifies courage by the contempt which is its consequence, its trust being placed, not in hope, which is the prop of the desperate, but in a judgment grounded upon existing resources, whose anticipations are more to be depended upon. Again, your country has a right to your services in sustaining the glories of her position. These are a common source of pride to you all, and you cannot decline the burdens of empire and still expect to share its honors. You should remember also that what you are fighting against is not merely slavery as an exchange for independence, but also loss of empire and danger from the animosities incurred in its exercise.

The quote: Besides, to recede is no longer possible, if indeed any of you in the alarm of the moment has become enamored of the honesty of such an unambitious part. For what you hold is, to speak somewhat plainly, a tyranny; to take it perhaps was wrong, but to let it go is unsafe.

And men of these retiring views, making converts of others, would quickly ruin a state; indeed the result would be the same if they could live independent by themselves; for the retiring and unambitious are never secure without vigorous protectors at their side; in fine, such qualities are useless to an imperial city, though they may help a dependency to an unmolested servitude.

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.62.5–2.63.3Translated by Richard Crawley (1874)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
set in 430 BCE. Set in 430 BCE, after the second invasion and the plague; Thucydides wrote it later.
Whose words
As Thucydides tells it. Who was Pericles?
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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