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Socrates on having no wants

by 399 BCE, Athens. As Xenophon tells it.

Where and when

by 399 BCEAthens

about 2,424 years ago

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Socrates

, AthensAs Xenophon tells it

In plain words, ours

You think happiness is luxury. I think needing nothing is godlike, and needing as little as possible is the next best thing.

You seem, Antiphon, to imagine that happiness consists in luxury and extravagance. But my belief is that to have no wants is divine; to have as few as possible comes next to the divine; and as that which is divine is supreme, so that which approaches nearest to its nature is nearest to the supreme.

Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.10Translated by E. C. Marchant (1923)Read the full passage (Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.10, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

As Xenophon tells it, Socrates is answering a man named Antiphon. He asks who is better placed to help friends or the city, or to hold out under siege: someone who needs costly food, or someone content with what he can get.

Checked claim by claim against: the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

The self-control of Xenophon's Socrates fits his role in inspiring ancient Cynicism, and the Memorabilia was particularly influential in Cynic and later Stoic philosophy.

Based on Wikipedia: Memorabilia (Xenophon)

The self-control of Xenophon's Socrates is in keeping with his role in inspiring ancient cynicism, which was traditionally said to be founded by Socrates' follower Antisthenes.

Memorabilia was particularly influential in Cynic and later Stoic philosophy.

Wikipedia, Memorabilia (Xenophon) (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-08-08. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 420–413 BCEabout 18 years earlier Orestes on judging a man's worth Also about how to live wellAlso about wealth, poverty and luck
  2. 404 BCEabout 5 years earlier The Thirty take power in Athens Same years
  3. 403 BCEabout 4 years earlier Democracy returns to Athens, with an amnesty Same years
  4. 399 BCEBy this year Socrates is tried, condemned and put to death Also in Athens
  5. by 399 BCEThis momentSocrates on having no wants
  6. by 399 BCEBy this year Aspasia on honest matchmaking Also in Athens
  7. set in 399 BCEBy this year The charge Meletus swore against Socrates Also in Athens
  8. set in 399 BCEBy this year Socrates and the oracle at Delphi More from Socrates
  9. set in 399 BCEBy this year Socrates on what makes things beautiful More from Socrates
  10. set in 399 BCEBy this year Socrates on knowing that he does not know More from Socrates
  11. c. 386 BCEabout 13 years later Aspasia's speech on wealth and cowardice Also about how to live wellAlso about wealth, poverty and luck

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

And again, you surely know that while he who supposes that nothing goes well with him is unhappy, he who believes that he is successful in farming or a shipping concern or any other business he is engaged in is happy in the thought of his prosperity. Do you think then that out of all this thinking there comes anything so pleasant as the thought: I am growing in goodness and I am making better friends? And that, I may say, is my constant thought.Further, if help is wanted by friends or city, which of the two has more leisure to supply their needs, he who lives as I am living or he whose life you call happy? Which will find soldiering the easier task, he who cannot exist without expensive food or he who is content with what he can get? Which when besieged will surrender first, he who wants what is very hard to come by or he who can make shift with whatever is at hand?

The quote: You seem, Antiphon, to imagine that happiness consists in luxury and extravagance. But my belief is that to have no wants is divine; to have as few as possible comes next to the divine; and as that which is divine is supreme, so that which approaches nearest to its nature is nearest to the supreme.

In another conversation with Socrates Antiphon said: Socrates, I for my part believe you to be a just, but by no means a wise man. And I think you realise it yourself. Anyhow, you decline to take money for your society. Yet if you believed your cloak or house or anything you possess to be worth money, you would not part with it for nothing or even for less than its value. Clearly, then, if you set any value on your society, you would insist on getting the proper price for that too.

Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.8–12Translated by E. C. Marchant (1923)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
by 399 BCE. Xenophon gives no date for the conversation; it falls within Socrates' life, which ended in 399 BCE.
Whose words
As Xenophon tells it.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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