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Marcus Aurelius on being good while alive

c. 170–180 CE. His own words, in the Meditations, notes written for himself.

Where and when

c. 170–180 CERome and its world

about 1,851 years ago

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Marcus Aurelius

His own words, in the Meditations, notes written for himself

In plain words, ours

Do not act as if you will live ten thousand years. Death hangs over you. While you are alive and still can, be good.

Do not act as if thou wert going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over thee. While thou livest, while it is in thy power, be good.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.17Translated by George Long (1862)Read the full passage (Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.17, opens gutenberg.org)

What was going on, our summary

From the private notebook the emperor Marcus Aurelius kept while fighting tribes along the Danube. Here he reminds himself that he will soon be gone, like one grain of incense falling on an altar after another.

Checked claim by claim against: Marcus Aurelius writes notes to himself at the front, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: Marcus Aurelius writes notes to himself at the front

The Meditations became one of the most important sources for the modern understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy, and many commentators count it among the greatest works of philosophy.

Based on Wikipedia: Marcus Aurelius

As a philosopher, his work Meditations is one of the most important sources for the modern understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy.

It has been considered by many commentators to be one of the greatest works of philosophy.

Wikipedia, Marcus Aurelius (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-09-06. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 62–65 CEabout 112 years earlier Seneca on time, the only thing we own Also about how to live well
  2. c. 108 CEabout 67 years earlier Epictetus on facing death without lament Also about death
  3. by c. 135 CEabout 40 years earlier Epictetus on what is in our power Also about how to live well
  4. 170–180 CEDuring it Marcus Aurelius writes notes to himself at the front The event behind it
  5. c. 170–180 CEThis momentMarcus Aurelius on being good while alive
  6. c. 170–180 CEDuring it Marcus Aurelius on how to begin the morning More from Marcus Aurelius
  7. c. 170–180 CEDuring it Marcus Aurelius on what his mother taught More from Marcus Aurelius
  8. c. 170–180 CEDuring it Marcus Aurelius on what Rusticus taught him More from Marcus Aurelius
  9. c. 170–180 CEDuring it Marcus Aurelius on the times of Vespasian Same passage
  10. 180 CEabout 5 years later Marcus Aurelius dies on campaign Also about death

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

But this change of opinion must proceed only from a certain persuasion, as of what is just or of common advantage, and the like, not because it appears pleasant or brings reputation. Hast thou reason? I have.--Why then dost not thou use it? For if this does its own work, what else dost thou wish? Thou hast existed as a part. Thou shalt disappear in that which produced thee; but rather thou shalt be received back into its seminal principle by transmutation. Many grains of frankincense on the same altar: one falls before, another falls after; but it makes no difference. Within ten days thou wilt seem a god to those to whom thou art now a beast and an ape, if thou wilt return to thy principles and the worship of reason.

The quote: Do not act as if thou wert going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over thee. While thou livest, while it is in thy power, be good.

How much trouble he avoids who does not look to see what his neighbor says or does or thinks, but only to what he does himself, that it may be just and pure; or, as Agathon+ says, look not round at the depraved morals of others, but run straight along the line without deviating from it. He who has a vehement desire for posthumous fame does not consider that every one of those who remember him will himself also die very soon; then again also they who have succeeded them, until the whole remembrance shall have been extinguished as it is transmitted through men who foolishly admire and perish.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.12–19Translated by George Long (1862)Read the full passage (opens gutenberg.org)

When, and whose words

Date
c. 170–180 CE. Written late in his life, much of it on campaign; this book does not say where.
Whose words
His own words, in the Meditations, notes written for himself.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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