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Epictetus on facing death without lament

c. 108 CE, Nicopolis. As Arrian recorded it.

Where and when

c. 108 CENicopolis

about 1,918 years ago

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Epictetus

, NicopolisAs Arrian recorded it

In plain words, ours

I have to die, be chained, be sent away. Do I have to moan about it too? Can anyone stop me going with a smile?

I must die. Must I then die lamenting? I must be put in chains. Must I then also lament? I must go into exile. Does any man then hinder me from going with smiles and cheerfulness and contentment?

Epictetus, Discourses 1.1Translated by George Long (1877)Read the full passage (Epictetus, Discourses 1.1, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Epictetus in Nicopolis, as Arrian took his talks down. He has just told how Lateranus, ordered beheaded by Nero, stretched out his neck again after a feeble first blow.

Checked claim by claim against: the passage around the quote.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

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  2. c. 73–74 CEabout 35 years earlier Masada falls, ending the Jewish revolt Also about death
  3. set in c. 73–74 CEabout 34.5 years earlier Eleazar's speech at Masada, per Josephus Also about death
  4. c. 108 CEThis momentEpictetus on facing death without lament
  5. c. 108 CEAbout the same year Epictetus on chains and the will Same passageMore from Epictetus
  6. c. 108 CEAbout the same year Epictetus on singing hymns to God More from Epictetus
  7. c. 108 CEAbout the same year Epictetus on Socrates and his accusers More from Epictetus
  8. c. 170–180 CEabout 67 years later Marcus Aurelius on what his mother taught Also about how to live well

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

We must make the best use that we can of the things which are in our power, and use the rest according to their nature. What is their nature then? As God may please. Must I then alone have my head cut off? What, would you have all men lose their heads that you may be consoled? Will you not stretch out your neck as Lateranus did at Rome when Nero ordered him to be beheaded? For when he had stretched out his neck, and received a feeble blow, which made him draw it in for a moment, he stretched it out again. And a little before, when he was visited by Epaphroditus, Nero’s freedman, who asked him about the cause of offence which he had given, he said, If I choose to tell anything, I will tell your master. What then should a man have in readiness in such circumstances? What else than this? What is mine, and what is not mine; and what is permitted to me, and what is not permitted to me.

The quote: I must die. Must I then die lamenting? I must be put in chains. Must I then also lament? I must go into exile. Does any man then hinder me from going with smiles and cheerfulness and contentment?

Tell me the secret which you possess. I will not, for this is in my power. But I will put you in chains. Man, what are you talking about? Me in chains? You may fetter my leg, but my will not even Zeus himself can overpower. I will throw you into prison. My poor body, you mean. I will cut your head off. When then have I told you that my head alone cannot be cut off? These are the things which philosophers should meditate on, which they should write daily, in which they should exercise themselves. Thrasea used to say, I would rather be killed to-day than banished to-morrow.

Epictetus, Discourses 1.1Translated by George Long (1877)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
c. 108 CE. Epictetus’ talks at his school in Nicopolis, as his student Arrian took them down; Arrian’s notes are usually dated to about 108 CE.
Whose words
As Arrian recorded it.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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