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Theramenes on his way to execution

set in 404–403 BCE, Athens. Xenophon's own narration, passing on a reported saying of Theramenes.

Where and when

set in 404–403 BCEAthens

about 2,429 years ago

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Xenophon

, AthensXenophon's own narration, passing on a reported saying of Theramenes

In plain words, ours

Led through the market, he shouted about the wrongs done to him. Told to keep quiet or suffer, he reportedly asked: and if I keep quiet, won't I suffer?

So they led the man away through the market-place, while he proclaimed in a very loud voice the wrongs he was suffering. One saying of his that is reported was this: when Satyrus told him that if he did not keep quiet, he would suffer for it, he asked: Then if I do keep quiet, shall I not suffer?

Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.56Translated by Carleton L. Brownson (1918)Read the full passage (Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.56, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Xenophon describes the death of Theramenes under the Thirty, who ruled Athens after its surrender. Critias handed him over to be executed, and Satyrus dragged him from the altar while the council kept quiet, with armed men waiting outside.

Checked claim by claim against: The Thirty take power in Athens, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: The Thirty take power in Athens

Though they held power for only eight months, their rule saw 5% of the Athenian population killed, citizens' property confiscated and other democrats exiled.

Based on Wikipedia: Thirty Tyrants

Although they maintained power for only eight months, their reign resulted in the killing of 5% of the Athenian population, the confiscation of citizens' property, and the exile of other democratic supporters.

Wikipedia, Thirty Tyrants (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-09-19. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 406 BCEabout 2 years earlier Athens wins at Arginusae, then condemns its generals Also about justice and law
  2. c. 406 BCEabout 1.8999999999999773 years earlier Euripides and Sophocles die Same years
  3. 405 BCE1 year earlier The Athenian fleet is lost at Aegospotami Same years
  4. set in 405 BCE1 year earlier Athens hears of the lost fleet More from Xenophon
  5. 404 BCE0.19999999999998863 years earlier Athens surrenders and its walls come down Also in Athens
  6. 404 BCEAbout the same year The Thirty take power in Athens The event behind itAlso in Athens
  7. set in 404–403 BCEThis momentTheramenes on his way to execution
  8. set in 404–403 BCEBegins this year The Thirty seize Athenians' lands Same passageMore from Xenophon
  9. set in 404 BCEAbout the same year The walls of Athens come down More from Xenophon
  10. 403 BCE1 year later Democracy returns to Athens, with an amnesty Also in Athens
  11. set in 399 BCEabout 5 years later Socrates on not returning wrong for wrong Also about justice and law

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

At this moment the herald of the Thirty ordered the Eleven to seize Theramenes; and when they came in, attended by their servants and with Satyrus, the most audacious and shameless of them, at their head, Critias said: We hand over to you, said he, this man Theramenes, condemned according to the law. Do you, the Eleven, take him and lead him to the proper place and do that which follows. When Critias had spoken these words, Satyrus dragged Theramenes away from the altar, and his servants lent their aid. And Theramenes, as was natural, called upon gods and men to witness what was going on. But the senators kept quiet, seeing that the men at the rail were of the same sort as Satyrus and that the space in front of the senate-house was filled with the guardsmen, and being well aware that the former had come armed with daggers.

The quote: So they led the man away through the market-place, while he proclaimed in a very loud voice the wrongs he was suffering. One saying of his that is reported was this: when Satyrus told him that if he did not keep quiet, he would suffer for it, he asked: Then if I do keep quiet, shall I not suffer?

And when, being compelled to die, he had drunk the hemlock, they said that he threw out the last drops, like a man playing kottabos, and exclaimed: Here’s to the health of my beloved Critias. Now I am not unaware of this, that these are not sayings worthy of record; still, I deem it admirable in the man that when death was close at hand, neither self-possession nor the spirit of playfulness departed from his soul.

Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.54–56Translated by Carleton L. Brownson (1918)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
set in 404–403 BCE. Set at Theramenes' execution under the Thirty, 404–403 BCE; Xenophon wrote it decades later.
Whose words
Xenophon's own narration, passing on a reported saying of Theramenes.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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