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Tacitus on the extreme of servitude

c. 98 CE. His own words.

Where and when

c. 98 CERome and its world

about 1,928 years ago

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Tacitus

His own words

In plain words, ours

An earlier age saw total freedom; we saw total slavery, with informers stopping all talk. We would have lost memory too, if forgetting were as easy as silence.

Certainly we showed a magnificent example of patience; as a former age had witnessed the extreme of liberty, so we witnessed the extreme of servitude, when the informer robbed us of the interchange of speech and hearing. We should have lost memory as well as voice, had it been as easy to forget as to keep silence.

Tacitus, Agricola 2Translated by A. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb (1877)Read the full passage (Tacitus, Agricola 2, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Around 98 CE Tacitus sets out to record the life of a man who has died. He recalls the years just past: men killed for praising others, their books burned in the forum, philosophers banished. Now, he says, under Nerva and Trajan, spirit is returning.

Checked claim by claim against: the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

The Agricola was Tacitus' first work, published after Domitian was assassinated in AD 96. The scholar Liebeschuetz observes that in it Tacitus addresses the loss of freedom of speech that comes with living under a tyrant.

Based on Wikipedia: Agricola (book)

After the assassination of Domitian in AD 96, Tacitus published the Agricola, his first work.

An additional observation from Liebeschuetz is that Tacitus addresses the essential loss of freedom of speech that comes with having lived under a tyrant.

Wikipedia, Agricola (book) (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-09-25. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 50 BCEabout 147 years earlier Cato warns the Senate about Caesar, in Plutarch Also about tyrants and the Thirty
  2. 44 BCE, written laterabout 141 years earlier Cicero on Cato's choice to die Also about tyrants and the Thirty
  3. set in 64 CEabout 34 years earlier Tacitus on the Great Fire of Rome More from Tacitus
  4. c. 98 CEThis momentTacitus on the extreme of servitude
  5. c. 98 CEAbout the same year Tacitus on the terror under Domitian More from Tacitus
  6. c. 115–120 CEabout 19 years later Tacitus on writing without bitterness More from Tacitus

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

But in these days, I, who have to record the life of one who has passed away, must crave an indulgence, which I should not have had to ask had I only to inveigh against an age so cruel, so hostile to all virtue. We have read that the panegyrics pronounced by Arulenus Rusticus on Pætus Thrasea, and by Herennius Senecio on Priscus Helvidius, were made capital crimes, that not only their persons but their very books were objects of rage, and that the triumvirs were commissioned to burn in the forum those works of splendid genius. They fancied, forsooth, that in that fire the voice of the Roman people, the freedom of the Senate, and the conscience of the human race were perishing, while at the same time they banished the teachers of philosophy, and exiled every noble pursuit, that nothing good might anywhere confront them.

The quote: Certainly we showed a magnificent example of patience; as a former age had witnessed the extreme of liberty, so we witnessed the extreme of servitude, when the informer robbed us of the interchange of speech and hearing. We should have lost memory as well as voice, had it been as easy to forget as to keep silence.

Now at last our spirit is returning. And yet, though at the dawn of a most happy age Nerva Cæsar blended things once irreconcilable, sovereignty and freedom, though Nerva Trajan is now daily augmenting the prosperity of the time, and though the public safety has not only our hopes and good wishes, but has also the certain pledge of their fulfillment, still, from the necessary condition of human frailty, the remedy works less quickly than the disease. As our bodies grow but slowly, perish in a moment, so it is easier to crush than to revive genius and its pursuits.

Tacitus, Agricola 1–3Translated by A. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb (1877)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
c. 98 CE. Written c. 98 CE, soon after the death of Domitian (96 CE), early in the reign of Trajan, whom the book names.
Whose words
His own words.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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