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Cato's last night, as Plutarch tells it

46 BCE, Utica. As Plutarch tells it, over a century later.

Where and when

46 BCEUtica

2,071 years ago

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Cato the Younger

, UticaAs Plutarch tells it, over a century later

In plain words, ours

In bed he read Plato's dialogue on the soul. Looking up, he saw his sword was gone (his son had taken it) and asked a servant who took it.

After entering his chamber and lying down, he took up Plato’s dialogue On the Soul, and when he had gone through the greater part of the treatise, he looked up above his head, and not seeing his sword hanging there (for his son had taken it away while Cato was still at supper), called a servant and asked him who had taken the weapon.

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 68.2Translated by Bernadotte Perrin (1919)Read the full passage (Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 68.2, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Utica, 46 BCE, after Caesar beat the Republicans in Africa. On his last night Cato embraces his son and friends more warmly than usual and goes to his room, leaving them suspicious. Plutarch tells it over a century later; Cato then takes his own life.

Checked claim by claim against: Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon

By choosing death over Caesar's pardon, Cato made himself a martyr for and a symbol of the Republic. Eulogies by Cicero and Brutus began to present him as a great Stoic philosopher.

Based on Wikipedia: Cato the Younger

he chose to take his own life rather than accept what he saw as Caesar's tyrannical pardon, turning himself into a martyr for and a symbol of the Republic

Cato's death triggered a series of eulogies, of which both Cicero and Brutus were authors, starting to identify Cato as a great Stoic philosopher.

Wikipedia, Cato the Younger (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-08-19. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 50 BCEabout 4 years earlier Cato warns the Senate about Caesar, in Plutarch More from Cato the Younger
  2. 49 BCE3 years earlier Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army Same years
  3. 48 BCE2 years earlier Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Same years
  4. 48–47 BCEabout 2 years earlier Caesar takes Cleopatra's side in Egypt Same years
  5. 46 BCESame year Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon The event behind itAlso in UticaAlso about death
  6. 46 BCEThis momentCato's last night, as Plutarch tells it
  7. 46 BCESame year Caesar on Cato's death, as Plutarch tells it Also about death
  8. 46 BCESame year Cato's death at Utica, as Plutarch tells it Same passageMore from Cato the Younger
  9. 46 BCESame year Cato's last night, as Plutarch tells it Same passageMore from Cato the Younger
  10. 44 BCE2 years later Caesar is stabbed to death in the Senate Same years

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

Therefore, as all were dejected and silent after his discourse, Cato tried to revive their spirits and remove their suspicions by once more putting questions and expressing anxiety about what was going on, implying that he feared for those who were going away by sea, and feared, too, for those whose path lay through a barbarous and waterless desert. Thus the supper came to an end, and after walking about with his friends as he usually did after supper, he gave the officers of the watch the proper orders, and then retired to his chamber, but not until he had embraced his son and each of his friends with more than his wonted kindness, and thus awakened anew their suspicions of what was to come.

The quote: After entering his chamber and lying down, he took up Plato’s dialogue On the Soul, and when he had gone through the greater part of the treatise, he looked up above his head, and not seeing his sword hanging there (for his son had taken it away while Cato was still at supper), called a servant and asked him who had taken the weapon.

The servant made no answer, and Cato returned to his book; and a little while after, as if in no haste or hurry, but merely looking for his sword, he bade the servant fetch it. But as there was some delay, and no one brought the weapon, he finished reading his book, and this time called his servants one by one and in louder tones demanded his sword. One of them he smote on the mouth with his fist, and bruised his own hand, angrily crying now in loud tones that his son and his servants were betraying him into the hands of the enemy without arms.

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 67.2–68.3Translated by Bernadotte Perrin (1919)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
46 BCE. Cato's last night at Utica, after Caesar's victory in Africa in 46 BCE.
Whose words
As Plutarch tells it, over a century later.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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