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Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army

49 BCE, the Rubicon. An event.

Where and when

49 BCEthe Rubicon

2,074 years ago

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, the Rubicon

Caesar leads his army over the river that marked the edge of his province, which the law forbade. It starts a civil war with Pompey and the Senate.

Let the die be cast, he hastened to cross the river

Plutarch, Life of Caesar 32.6Translated by Bernadotte Perrin (1919)Read the full passage (Plutarch, Life of Caesar 32.6, opens scaife.perseus.org)

“We may still retreat; but if we pass this little bridge, nothing is left for us but to fight it out in arms.”

Suetonius, Life of Julius 31Translated by Alexander Thomson, revised by T. Forester (1889)Read the full passage (Suetonius, Life of Julius 31, opens gutenberg.org)

Background: Crossing the Rubicon, Wikipedia (opens en.wikipedia.org)

Why it matters

The crossing set off a civil war that eventually made Caesar dictator for life. It also gave us the idiom crossing the Rubicon, meaning passing the point of no return.

Based on Wikipedia: Crossing the Rubicon

The crossing precipitated a civil war, which eventually led to Caesar becoming dictator for life (dictator perpetuo).

The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom meaning "passing the point of no return".

Wikipedia, Crossing the Rubicon (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-08-19. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 52 BCE3 years earlier Vercingetorix surrenders to Caesar at Alesia Same years
  2. 49 BCEThis momentCaesar crosses the Rubicon with his army
  3. 49 BCESame year Caesar puts the republic's dignity before life Rests on this event
  4. 49 BCESame year Caesar crosses the Rubicon, as Plutarch tells it Rests on this eventAlso in the Rubicon
  5. 49 BCESame year Caesar at the Rubicon, as Suetonius tells it Rests on this eventAlso in the RubiconAlso about war and empire
  6. 48 BCE1 year later Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Also about war and empire
  7. 48–47 BCE1 year later Caesar takes Cleopatra's side in Egypt Same years
  8. 46 BCE3 years later Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon Same years

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