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Cato's last night, as Plutarch tells it

46 BCE, Utica. As Plutarch tells it, over a century later.

Where and when

46 BCEUtica

2,071 years ago

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Cato the Younger

, UticaAs Plutarch tells it, over a century later

In plain words, ours

A child brought the sword. He checked it was sharp and said: Now I am my own master. Then he went back to his book, said to have read it twice.

Then the sword was sent in, carried by a little child, and Cato took it, drew it from its sheath, and examined it. And when he saw that its point was keen and its edge still sharp, he said: Now I am my own master. Then he laid down the sword and resumed his book, and he is said to have read it through twice.

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 70.1Translated by Bernadotte Perrin (1919)Read the full passage (Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 70.1, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Utica, 46 BCE, Cato's last night, as Plutarch tells it, after Caesar beat the Republicans in Africa. Cato has told his philosopher friends Demetrius and Apollonides that when he decides what to do, the choice will be his. They leave in tears.

Checked claim by claim against: Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon

By choosing death over Caesar's pardon, Cato made himself a martyr for and a symbol of the Republic. Eulogies by Cicero and Brutus began to present him as a great Stoic philosopher.

Based on Wikipedia: Cato the Younger

he chose to take his own life rather than accept what he saw as Caesar's tyrannical pardon, turning himself into a martyr for and a symbol of the Republic

Cato's death triggered a series of eulogies, of which both Cicero and Brutus were authors, starting to identify Cato as a great Stoic philosopher.

Wikipedia, Cato the Younger (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-08-19. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 50 BCEabout 4 years earlier Cato warns the Senate about Caesar, in Plutarch More from Cato the Younger
  2. 49 BCE3 years earlier Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army Same years
  3. 48 BCE2 years earlier Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Same years
  4. 48–47 BCEabout 2 years earlier Caesar takes Cleopatra's side in Egypt Same years
  5. 46 BCESame year Cato kills himself rather than accept Caesar's pardon The event behind itAlso in UticaAlso about death
  6. 46 BCEThis momentCato's last night, as Plutarch tells it
  7. 46 BCESame year Caesar on Cato's death, as Plutarch tells it Also about death
  8. 46 BCESame year Cato's death at Utica, as Plutarch tells it Same passageMore from Cato the Younger
  9. 46 BCESame year Cato's last night, as Plutarch tells it Same passageMore from Cato the Younger
  10. 44 BCE2 years later Caesar is stabbed to death in the Senate Same years

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

Why, then, do ye not speak persuasively and convert me to this doctrine, that we may cast away those good old opinions and arguments which have been part of our very lives, be made wiser through Caesar’s efforts, and therefore be more grateful to him? And yet I, certainly, have come to no resolve about myself; but when I have come to a resolve, I must be master of the course which I decide to take. And I shall come to a resolve with your aid, as I might say, since I shall reach it with the aid of those doctrines which ye also adopt as philosophers. So go away with a good courage, and bid my son not to try force with his father when he cannot persuade him. Without making any reply to this, but bursting into tears, Demetrius and Apollonides slowly withdrew.

The quote: Then the sword was sent in, carried by a little child, and Cato took it, drew it from its sheath, and examined it. And when he saw that its point was keen and its edge still sharp, he said: Now I am my own master. Then he laid down the sword and resumed his book, and he is said to have read it through twice.

Afterwards he fell into so deep a sleep that those outside the chamber heard him. But about midnight he called two of his freedmen, Cleanthes the physician, and Butas, who was his chief agent in public matters. Butas he sent down to the sea, to find out whether all had set sail successfully, and bring him word; while to the physician he gave his hand to bandage, since it was inflamed by the blow that he had given the slave. This made everybody more cheerful, since they thought he had a mind to live.

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger 69.2–70.3Translated by Bernadotte Perrin (1919)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
46 BCE. Cato's last night at Utica, 46 BCE.
Whose words
As Plutarch tells it, over a century later.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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