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Epictetus on what really disturbs us

by c. 135 CE, Nicopolis. As Arrian recorded it, in his digest of the teaching.

Where and when

by c. 135 CENicopolis

about 1,891 years ago

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Epictetus

, NicopolisAs Arrian recorded it, in his digest of the teaching

In plain words, ours

What upsets people is not what happens but what they think about it. Death is not terrible, or Socrates would have found it so. Thinking it terrible is the terrible part.

Men are disturbed not by the things which happen, but by the opinions about the things: for example, death is nothing terrible, for if it were, it would have seemed so to Socrates; for the opinion about death, that it is terrible, is the terrible thing.

Epictetus, Handbook (Enchiridion) 5Translated by George Long (1877)Read the full passage (Epictetus, Handbook (Enchiridion) 5, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

From Arrian's short digest of what Epictetus taught at Nicopolis. Just before this, Epictetus advises picturing what a trip to the baths will really be like, splashing, shoving and stealing, so that none of it upsets you.

Checked claim by claim against: the passage around the quote.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. c. 62–65 CEabout 72 years earlier Seneca on time, the only thing we own Also about how to live well
  2. by c. 135 CEThis momentEpictetus on what really disturbs us
  3. by c. 135 CEBy this year Epictetus on the two handles More from Epictetus
  4. by c. 135 CEBy this year Epictetus on what is in our power Same passageMore from Epictetus
  5. by c. 135 CEBy this year Epictetus on wishing things as they are Same passageMore from Epictetus
  6. c. 170–180 CEabout 40 years later Marcus Aurelius on what his mother taught Also about how to live well

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

If you are kissing your child or wife, say that it is a human being whom you are kissing, for when the wife or child dies, you will not be disturbed. When you are going to take in hand any act, remind yourself what kind of an act it is. If you are going to bathe, place before yourself what happens in the bath: some splashing the water, others pushing against one another, others abusing one another, and some stealing: and thus with more safety you will undertake the matter, if you say to yourself, I now intend to bathe, and to maintain my will in a manner conformable to nature. And so you will do in every act: for thus if any hindrance to bathing shall happen, let this thought be ready: it was not this only that I intended, but I intended also to maintain my will in a way conformable to nature; but I shall not maintain it so, if I am vexed at what happens.

The quote: Men are disturbed not by the things which happen, but by the opinions about the things: for example, death is nothing terrible, for if it were, it would have seemed so to Socrates; for the opinion about death, that it is terrible, is the terrible thing.

When then we are impeded or disturbed or grieved, let us never blame others, but ourselves, that is, our opinions. It is the act of an ill- instructed man to blame others for his own bad condition; it is the act of one who has begun to be instructed, to lay the blame on himself; and of one whose instruction is completed, neither to blame another, nor himself. Be not elated at any advantage (excellence), which belongs to another. If a horse when he is elated should say, I am beautiful, one might endure it.

Epictetus, Handbook (Enchiridion) 3–6Translated by George Long (1877)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
by c. 135 CE. Arrian’s short digest of Epictetus’ teaching at Nicopolis; its own date is not known, so it is dated by Epictetus’ death, c. 135 CE.
Whose words
As Arrian recorded it, in his digest of the teaching.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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