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Calgacus on fear and hate, as Tacitus wrote it

set in c. 83 CE, Caledonia. As Tacitus writes it; Calgacus' speech is Tacitus' own composition, as ancient historians' speeches often were.

Where and when

set in c. 83 CECaledonia

about 1,943 years ago

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Calgacus

, CaledoniaAs Tacitus writes it; Calgacus' speech is Tacitus' own composition, as ancient historians' speeches often were

In plain words, ours

Fear holds them together, and fear is a weak glue. Take it away, and people who stop being afraid start to hate.

Fear and terror there certainly are, feeble bonds of attachment; remove them, and those who have ceased to fear will begin to hate.

Tacitus, Agricola 32Translated by A. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb (1877)Read the full passage (Tacitus, Agricola 32, opens scaife.perseus.org)

What was going on, our summary

Caledonia, about 83 CE, before the battle of Mons Graupius in what is now Scotland, which the governor Agricola won. Calgacus speaks to his own side, but Tacitus, Agricola's son-in-law, composed the speech himself.

Checked claim by claim against: Agricola defeats the Caledonians at Mons Graupius, the passage around the quote.

Why it matters

About the event it belongs to: Agricola defeats the Caledonians at Mons Graupius

Agricola's campaign effectively brought what is now Scotland under Roman control, but only briefly: within a few years Rome had pulled back and abandoned most of Caledonia.

Based on Wikipedia: Battle of Mons Graupius

Although Agricola's campaign effectively brought the whole of present-day Scotland under Roman control, the occupation was brief.

Within a few years, Roman forces had withdrawn to the line of the Forth–Clyde isthmus, abandoning most of Caledonia.

Wikipedia, Battle of Mons Graupius (opens en.wikipedia.org), as of 2026-09-30. Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Our line is checked against these sentences only.

Related moments

In time order, with this one in its place. Each says why it is here.

  1. 80 CEabout 3 years earlier Titus opens the Colosseum with games Same years
  2. c. 83–84 CEBegins this year Agricola defeats the Caledonians at Mons Graupius The event behind itAlso in Caledonia
  3. set in c. 83 CEThis momentCalgacus on fear and hate, as Tacitus wrote it
  4. set in c. 83 CEAbout the same year Calgacus on freedom, as Tacitus wrote it Same passageMore from Calgacus
  5. set in c. 83 CEAbout the same year Calgacus on slavery, as Tacitus wrote it More from Calgacus
  6. set in c. 83 CEAbout the same year Calgacus on Roman peace, as Tacitus wrote it Same passageMore from Calgacus

Just before and after

The text around the quote, word for word from the same translation.

Show the passageHide the passage

Under a woman's leadership the Brigantes were able to burn a colony, to storm a camp, and had not success ended in supineness, might have thrown off the yoke. Let us, then, a fresh and unconquered people, never likely to abuse our freedom, show forthwith at the very first onset what heroes Caledonia has in reserve. "Do you suppose that the Romans will be as brave in war as they are licentious in peace? To our strifes and discords they owe their fame, and they turn the errors of an enemy to the renown of their own army, an army which, composed as it is of every variety of nations, is held together by success and will be broken up by disaster. These Gauls and Germans, and, I blush to say, these numerous Britons, who, though they lend their lives to support a stranger's rule, have been its enemies longer than its subjects, you cannot imagine to be bound by fidelity and affection.

The quote: Fear and terror there certainly are, feeble bonds of attachment; remove them, and those who have ceased to fear will begin to hate.

All the incentives to victory are on our side. The Romans have no wives to kindle their courage; no parents to taunt them with flight; many have either no country or one far away. Few in number, dismayed by their ignorance, looking around upon a sky, a sea, and forests which are all unfamiliar to them; hemmed in, as it were, and enmeshed, the Gods have delivered them into our hands. Be not frightened by idle display, by the glitter of gold and of silver, which can neither protect nor wound. In the very ranks of the enemy we shall find our own forces.

Tacitus, Agricola 31–32Translated by A. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb (1877)Read the full passage (opens scaife.perseus.org)

When, and whose words

Date
set in c. 83 CE. Set before the battle of Mons Graupius, c. 83 CE. Tacitus wrote it c. 98 CE.
Whose words
As Tacitus writes it; Calgacus' speech is Tacitus' own composition, as ancient historians' speeches often were.
How this post was checked
  • The plain-words line was read against the quote alone by a second, independent pass, which found it adds no claim the quote does not make (2026-10-03).
  • Each claim in the summary was checked by an independent pass against only the material it cites.
  • The quote itself is checked by the build: word for word, once, at the cited section of the stored translation.

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